How does PPI therapy influence regurgitation in GERD?

• A. Eliminates all regurgitation
• B. Reduces acid exposure and often improves regurgitation
• C. Worsens nonacid reflux
• D. Only treats dysphagia

Answer: (B)

Proton pump inhibitors cut back how much acid the stomach produces, so there’s less acid in the refluxate that can reach the esophagus. With lower acid exposure, the esophageal lining is less irritated and the brain’s perception of reflux improves, which commonly leads to fewer or milder regurgitation episodes. Healing of esophagitis from relief of acid injury can also lessen symptoms, contributing to better regurgitation control. It’s important to note that not all regurgitation disappears—nonacid reflux can persist, and PPIs specifically target acid production rather than all reflux mechanisms. They’re not limited to treating dysphagia; they address the reflux process more broadly, which is why reducing acid exposure and often improving regurgitation is the best description of their effect.