The reflexes in the pharyngeal phase are involuntary.

• A. True
• B. False
• C. Not specified
• D. Both

Answer: (A)

During swallowing, the pharyngeal phase is driven by brainstem reflexes rather than conscious control. When the bolus reaches the oropharynx, sensory input triggers the swallow reflex, and a tightly coordinated sequence unfolds automatically. The soft palate elevates to seal the nasopharynx, the pharyngeal constrictors contract to shuttle the bolus downward, the larynx rises and the vocal folds close while the epiglottis inverts to protect the airway, and the upper esophageal sphincter opens to allow passage into the esophagus. These actions occur involuntarily, forming a rapid, protective, reflexive phase that proceeds after initiation. A person may choose to start swallowing, but the pharyngeal phase itself unfolds automatically and cannot be precisely controlled by will.